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Martial Arts Terms Beginning With The Letter T
TACHI 太刀
Japanese
"Slung
Sword"
The Tachi is a classification of Japanese Daito that is frequently both longer and or a deeper curvature
than the more commonly encountered Katana. However historically speaking a Daito is designated A Tachi if it is mounted in
such a way that its blade edge hangs down at the wearers side, as opposed to being thrust directly through the Obi with the
blades edge uppermost, like that of a Katana. The Tachi was designed primarily as a cavalry sword and allowed for a deep slashing
draw without striking the horses head. Following the Mongol Invasions of Japan it became apparent that there were some serious
flaws in the structure of the Tachi, this combined with social changes amongst the Samurai class eventually led to the almost
complete replacement of the Tachi with the Katana in all but ceremony.
TACHI 立ち
Japanese
"Stand / Standing"
TACHI 裁ち
Japanese
"Cut / Cutting"
TACHI 質
Japanese
"Quality Of A Person / Nature Of A Person"
TACHI 館
Japanese
"Mansion / Small Castle"
TACHIDORI
Japanese
"Unarmed Defence Against A Sword / Sword
Taking"
The term Tachidori is used to describe the numerous techniques designed to disarm a sword wielding opponent.
Tachidori form a common part of Aikido training and is used in conjunction with a Bokken to encourage corect Kamae, Ashi-Sabaki
and Tai-Sabaki.
TACHI REI
Japanese
"Standing Bow"
A salutation common to numerous Japanese
martial arts. Also see Ritsu Rei.
TAEKWONDO
Korean
"Way
Of Hands And Feet"
The primary form of Korean unarmed combat, named during a conference of Chung Do Kwan masters
in 1955.
TAEKYON
Korean
A traditional Korean Martial Art characterised by its circluar rhythmic movements.
TAHN BONG
Korean
"Shorts Stick" or "Short Staff"
A hardwood, rattan or bamboo baton
of between 12 & 36 Inches in length.
TAHN BONG SUL
Korean
"Shorts Stick Techniques" or
"Short Staff Techniques"
TAIAHA
Maori
The term Taiaha is used to describe the traditional
long hardwood clubs of the Maori. Normally measuring between five and six feet in length these hardwood clubs are shaped into
a wide oval blade for the majority of their length, allowing them to be used flat sided or edged for greater damage. The Upper
portion of the Taiaha is carved in the representation of a Maori ancestor spirit, of which its top most part is sharpened
into a spear-like spike. The Taiaha could also be use deliver short stabbing strikes and in application combined the effective
techniques of a club, a staff, a spear and a sword.
TAI CHI CHUAN
Chinese
"Grand Ultimate
Fist" An system of internal kung fu, characterised by its deliberately slow, circular, flowing and rhythmic
movements.
TAI SABAKI
Japanese
"Body Movement"
TAIJUTSU
Japanese
"Body
Art" A generic term used to describe a number of empty hand styles, most particularly Jujutsu.
TAITO
Japanese
"Putting The Sword
In The Obi"
TANDEN 丹田
Japanese
"Red Rice Field
/ Centre Of Gravity / Abdomen"
The term Tanden is an alternative name for the Hara.
TANG
SOO DO
Korean
"Art Of The Chinese Hand"
A Korean martial art similar in many ways to Taekwondo.
TANKEN 短剣
Japanese
"Dagger"
The Tanken is an uncommon alternative name for
the Tanto.
TANTO 短刀
Japanese
"Short Sword"
The Tanto is a common Japanese single or double edged dagger or knife with a blade of no longer than 30cm. The Tanto is
designed primarily as a stabbing weapon, although it is also highly effective when used for slashing and cutting attacks.
Early Tanto developed from utilitarian knives around the early Heian era although these early forms lacked any real artistic
refinement and were purely weapons of combat.
TATAMI 畳
Japanese
“Folded And Piled / Matting”
Tatami are the traditional floor covering of choice in Japanese
houses and are formed from a tightly bound rice straw core wrapped in layers of woven rush straw. With the need for safer
training methods within the martial arts, Tatami were used as a method of cushioning ones fall. In recent decades the use
of Traditional Tatami within the Dojo has almost completely fallen out of practice, with modern Budoka preferring instead
to use specialist gymnastic sports mats; However the name 'Tatami' is still used when referring to any matted area
within a Dojo.
TECHNICAL KNOCKOUT
European
A Technical Knockout is a winning criteria in a number of
Full-Contact and Semi-Contact Martial Arts. A Technical Knockout is often declared when the judges, ring officials or refree
decide that the participant is unfit to continue the fight; either through a debilitating injury (for example a cut to the
eye, which limits the fighters ability) or if they have been knocked to the ground on three or more occasions within a single
round. Also See: Knockout
TEITO
Japanese
"Holding The Sword Loose On the Left Hand Side"
TEITO SHISEI
Japanese
"Holding The Sword Loose On the Left Hand Side With Thumb On the Tsuba As If Worn In The Obi"
TEMATLATL
Aztec
"Sling"
The term Tematlatl is used to describe a type of sling
used by the ancient Aztec and made from Maguey fibre (Agave Americana).
TENUGUI 手拭い
Japanese
"Hand Towel / Head-Towel"
The Tenugui is a length of cloth approximately one-foot wide
by three-feet long and normally made of cotton with a printed pattern of slogan. worn tied over the head and covering the
majority if not all of the wearers hair. The Tenugui is truly multifunctional and can be used as a headband, wash-cloth, dish-cloth,
souvenir or even as a decoration. Tenugui form part of the everyday attire of the Kendoka, and serves to keep sweat out of
the wearers face as well as cleaning the sweat out of the Bogu following training. Also See: Waboshi
TEPOZTOPILLI
Aztec
"Spear"
The term Tepoztopilli is used to describe the long wooden spears mounted with blades of
Obsidian.
TESSEN 鉄扇
Japanese
"Iron Fan"
The term Tessen is used to describe a number of different designs of handheld
fans made either fully or in part from iron (Steel). Some Tessen were simply cast iron bars, shaped and detailed to look like
a harmless bamboo and paper fan, but being far more effective than the latter in a self defence situation. The majority of
Tessen encountered today are made to fold and function like an ordinary fan with the leaves being formed from metal rather
than bamboo or wood.
TETSU KEIBO
Japanese
"Iron Fixtures Clubbing Staff"
TETSUBISHI
Japanese
A four-pointed caltrop used by various Bugei & Ninja to slow down a pursuer. No matter
which way a tetsubishi landed one sharp point always pointed upward.
TETSUBO 金棒
Japanese
"Iron Fixtures Staff"
THIGH
(English)
(Japanese) Momo 腿
(Korean) Heobeokji
THROAT
(English)
(Chinese) Houlong 喉咙
(Japanese) Nodo 喉
(Korean) Mokgumeong
TIEN SHAN PAI
Chinese
Tien Shan Pai is a northern "long range" kungfu
system that is characterized by it's high kicks, low sweeps and continually flowing movements.
TLACALHUAZCUAHUITL
Aztec
"Blowpipe / Blowgun"
The term Tlacalhuazcuahuitl is used to describe a type of Blowpipe used
by the ancient Aztec and formed a hollow reed. Poison tipped darts were used to increase the weapons effectiveness; although
the Blowpipe itself was primarily used for hunting as opposed to warfare.
TLAHUITOLLI
Aztec
"Bow"
The term Tlahuitolli is used to describe the five foot Longbows used by the ancient Aztec of South America.
TO 刀
Japanese
“Sword / Blade”
The term To is an ancient Japanese word for any
sword, or sword-like weapon.
TOBIKUCHI 防災
Japanese
"Fire Axe / Firemans Pick"
The Tobikuchi is a tool originally used by Japanese feudal firefighters that was later adopted for use by both Japanese
and Okinawan Bushi as a close combat weapon. In appearance the Tobikuchi is a wooden pole around two feet in length at the
end of which is mounted a short triangular wedge resembling that of a stout axe.
TOE
(English)
(Chinese)
Jiaozhi 脚指
(Japanese) Ashiyubi 足指
TONFA トンファー
Okinawan
"Mill Handle"
The term Tonfa is used to describe the traditional Side Handled Batonused
throughout Okinawa, China, Korea and other parts of south-East Asia. The exact origins of the Tonfa are widely debated with
each culture believing it to be a weapon of their own creation. In the case of the Okinawan Tonfa, it is generally accepted
that they were originally the detachable mill handles from hand rotated querns, adapted for combative use by native Okinawans
during either the early years of Samurai occupation or the earlier edicts laid down by the Okinawan ruler Sho Shin (1465AD
- 1526AD). The Tonfa is a highly adaptable weapon (Hence the creation of the Nightstick) but requires a good degree of hand
to eye coordination as well as a knowledge of empty hand techniques in order to gain the full benefit of the weapon. Also
See: Mae Sun Sawk, Guai, Nightstick
TONGAT
Filipino
"Staff / Rod / Pole"
An alternative
name for the Sibat.
TONGFA トンファー
Okinawan
"Mill Handle"
トンファー
The term Tongfa is used as an alternative name for the weapon more commonly
known as a Tonfa.
TORA 虎 or 寅
Japanese
"Tiger"
TORI
Japanese
"Taker" The term Tori is used to signify the person executing a technique during martial arts training.
Also See: Uke
TORI 鳥居
Japanese
"Bird Perch"
The term Tori is used as an
alternative spelling for the word Torii.
TORII 鳥居
Japanese
"Bird Perch" The
Torii is a traditional Japanese gate normally encountered at the entrance to or within the ground of Shinto shrines and holy
sites. The Torii itself symbolically marks the unseen doorway between the mundane and the spiritual. Although Shinto in origin
Torii are also encountered in some Japanese Buddhist temple, although these are normally far smaller in size. Traditionally
all Torii were made from wood or stone, although some modern Torii are now made from Copper, Steel and reinforced concrete.
Regardless of the construction material Torii are either left unpainted or painted in a deep red with the uppermost lintel
painted black. Some Torii are painted white with a black lintel, although these are very rare. In other areas of eastern Asia,
temple gates similar in form and purpose to the Torii exist, suggesting a possible shared religious ancestry. Also See:
Honsalmun, Torana, Sao Ching Cha, Pailou
TSUBA 鍔 or 鐔
Japanese
"Sword Guard / Hand Guard"
The term Tsuba is used to describe the flat metal disk fitted
onto a Japanese sword at the point where the blade meets the handle and serving as protection to the users hands during combat
where they would be likely to slip onto the blade. The majority of Tsuba are round or oval in shape, although square, rectangular
and asymmetrical designs are by no means uncommon. Early Tsuba were utilitarian in their design and featured little in the
way of decoration, however during the peace of the Edo period Tsuba became highly detailed and commonly featured carvings,
reliefs, openwork patterns and precious metal inlays.
TSUBAZERIAI 鍔迫り合い
Japanese
"To Be In Fierce Competition"
The term Tsubazeriai is modern Japanese use is taken from the
Kendo term Tsubazeriai and has come to represent any individual or group locked into fierce competition with another either
physically or metaphorically.
TSUBAZERIAI 鍔迫り合い
Japanese
"To
Push Tsuba Againsts Each Other"
The term Tsubazeriai is used to describe the action within Kendo and some schools
of Iaijutsu and Kenjutsu where both opponents lock blades together at the point just above the Tsuba; each combatant then
vies for a better position from which to strike the down his opponent.
TSUNAMI 津波 or 津浪
or 海嘯
Japanese
"Tidal Wave"
TSUKA 塚
Japanese
"Mound
/ Burial Mound"
TSUKA 柄
Japanese
"Handle / Hilt / Hand-Grip"
TUIFA
トンファー
Okinawan
"Mill Handle"
The term Tuifa is used as an alternative
name for the weapon more commonly known as a Tonfa.
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